upnorth: Canaan is an adaptable beast indeed. Here's the last for a bit (gotta get on with the Group Build stuff!) ...
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SNS/Enasa-Pegaso Cortés
In 1996, SNS entered into an agreement with Enasa SA to produce Canaan derivatives in Spain. Under this agreement, SNS would provide hull components which would integrate with powertrains and locally-produced turret systems at the Enasa-Pegaso facility in Barcelona. This resulted in a distinct Spanish Canaan family which Enasa-Pegaso had distribution rights throughout Iberia and Latin America.
Vehículo Combate Cortés Family
The Spanish Canaan was marketed as the Cortés and, turrets aside, differed from the North Sinai original in having MAN diesels (MAN and Daimler-Benz having bought Enasa back in 1990). The first Cortés models were powered by 820 hp MAN D2840 V10s. Beginning in 1998, the V10 was eclipsed by the lighter, more compact 750 hp MAN D28 V8 diesel.
Turret supply for Cortés variants was diverse. The original Canaan OTO Melara turret was available for export versions but, for its IFV, Spain's Ejército de Tierra chose a local design by Santa Bárbara Sistemas. This vehicle entered Spanish service as the VCI (Vehículo Combate Infantería) and was marketed abroad as the Guepardo VCI-30. SDS knew this type as the Canaan IFV 30E.
Cortés Direct-Fire-Support Variants
An unusual Cortés variant was the fire-support VADFI (Vehículo del Apoyo Directa de Fuego de la Infantería). This heavy IFV mounted a German Thyssen-Henschel Begleitpanzer turret armed with the 57mm Bofors gun and a TOW missile launcher. Cortés VAMF was marketed abroad as the Puma ADF-57 (with optional HOT launcher). SDS knew this type as the Canaan FSV 57E.
The Cortés VADFI/Puma ADF-57 operated as both infantry fire-support and as anti-recce vehicle platforms. Not illustrated is the bigger-gunned Cortés variant which could rightly be regarded as a medium tank.
The Cortés VAMF (Vehículo del Apoyo Móvil de Fuego) was fitted with Thyssen-Henschel's TH 301 turret armed with a Rheinmetall 105mm Rh 105-30 main gun. Enasa-Pegaso marketed the Cortés VAMF abroad as the León AMF. SDS knew this type as the Canaan FSV 105E.
Enasa-Pegaso designed two other big-gunned Cortés variants that failed to find customers. The Tigre AMF was similar to the León/Cortés VAMF but fitted with the OTO Melara Hitfact turret and armed with low-pressure 105mm or 120mm main gun. A more radical departure from the Canaan parentage was the Oso VCA (Vehículo de Combate de Artillería) project.
The Oso VCA was to be an SP howitzer derivative of the Cortés. Otobreda's 155mm Palmaria turret was to be mounted on a lengthened Cortés chassis (returning to the Leopard MBT's seven roadwheels per side). A 900hp MAN V10 diesel would have powered the Oso VCA (aka Canaan SPH 155E). Neither the Ejército nor potential export customers took up the Oso VCA.