Take-off would be OK,you could even implement a ZELL system, & cranes & trolleys would speed up deck clearing but it would still take much longer than a wheeled aircraft (almost like clearing the deck after a crash-landing, maybe even longer) & reinforcing the fuselage to take the force of direct impacts with the deck for
X years/flights would add considerably more weight than any wheeled undercarriage, even with "soft"/"flexible" decks.
Also, what about friction damage to the deck? I doubt it would survive very long & would be another expensive addition to the naval budget.
Cute idea but, as a former naval aircraft mechanic, I'll take wheeled aircraft, thanks!
Guy