AFAIK this concept is merely that, a concept.
Exposed as it was, as shown in the F-35 internally laden with missiles (what a beautiful sight, somehow the narrow, shallow bays of the -35 and -22 made me feel uncomfortable), it reminds me of a 90's concept, that of weapon miniaturization, which in its day, led to the development of the SDB, and other miniature marvels like the Raytheon STM-Small Tactical Munition (Pyros missile for UCAVs) and others.
It's no wonder that such mini weapons start to appear everywhere, In A2G, specifically tailored to increase stowed kills density aboard, and the PC reduced collateral damage.
I read in the article that the CUDA (still a reserved lockheed name) is a HTK (Hit-to-Kill) missile, so the absence of a warhead will make more space available for fuel and guidance-control, allowing a denser packing of munitions on board. Calls my attention what looks like a crown or cluster of maneuvering rockets near the nose, so the "dogfighting missile" qualification would apply. Calls my attention also that it is cited as being in the AMRAAM class, but with no warhead, I assume this is a big bullet with a lot of fuel inside, and makes me speculate on its range. Radar guided is also another tidbit that suggest LOBL (lock-on Before Launch) so as not to expose the plane for more than it takes for the launch event to occur.
As Jeffry suggests, I would not be surprised when this little BarraCUDA gets an XAIM or AIM designation.
My 2cents